7th International Conference on
Nanoscience

An additive manufacturing process known as three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has demonstrated significant promise for generating patient-specific tissue scaffolds and medical devices for a variety of biomedical applications, including tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This developing technology has sparked interest in a number of sectors of biomedical engineering as well as translational medicine because of its novel characteristics including high speed, fine resolution, and design specificity. In recent years, the clinical effectiveness of 3D bioprinted tissue engineered scaffolds has increased significantly due to the integration of nanotechnological concepts and nanomaterials with 3D bioprinting processes. Due to their high surface area to volume ratios and quantum confinement effects, nanotechnology and nanomaterials exhibit special physical, chemical, and biological capabilities. However, new 3D bioprinted scaffolds with superior physicochemical and biological characteristics have been created by fusing nanomaterials with 3D bioprinting processes. The effect of nanoscience and nanomaterials on 3D bioprinted tissue engineered scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications is briefly discussed in this article.

Nanoscience is the study of the regulated management of nanostructured materials and occurrences, and it can be applied to all other science fields such as biology, physics, chemistry, materials engineering, and engineering. Nanotechnology is developing new components and gadgets for a diverse range of products, including electronic goods, medicine, power generation, and biofuels. At the nanoscale, material properties such as mechanical, electric, photonic, and magnetic properties are altered, enabling for the production of novel nanomaterials.

Nanotechnology is a process that takes place at the quantum, molecular, and supramolecular levels. Many substances' properties differ when their dimension near nanometres, which is an intriguing characteristic of Materials researchers and engineers study how nanomaterials evolve and how they might be used to process and process things at the nanoscale. The discovery, shape, structure, and application of Nano size materials are all part of the synthesized materials discipline. Nanomaterials research employs a scientifically grounded strategy to Nanotechnology, impacting advancements in measurement and synthetic usage in subtractive manufacturing research. Structured structures with varied photonic, electrical, or mechanical characteristics exist at the nanometer dimensions.

Nanomedicine is described as the use of manmade nanostructures and nanoparticles to detect, restore, develop, and regulate human living mechanisms at the molecular level. It is a discipline of medicine that uses nanotechnology's technical expertise to cure and prevent infection. Nanomedicine entails the use of biodegradable nanoparticles and robots in a living creature for diagnostic, monitoring, and actuation functions, as well as therapeutic agents.

Nanoelectronics are centred on the application of nanotechnology to the domain of electronics and electrical parts, as well as research into the production of electronics for practical uses such as showcase, dimension, and energy consumption. It includes information on composite materials, one-dimensional nanotubes, nanorods, transistors, and other quantum mechanical features. Nanoelectronics that have been well-developed can be used in a variety of disciplines, but they are particularly beneficial for recognizing illness-causing chemicals and disease diagnostics. As a result of the participation of nanoelectronics, juncture detection becomes more prevalent. Because fiber lasers is derived first from word photoelectric effect, which is the fundamental unit of light, researchers can define nanophotonics as the science and technology of light and light-matter interplay at wavelength and subwavelength dimensions, where the chemical or structural nature, as well as the physicochemical characteristics of manmade nanostructured matter, regulate the interplay.

Nanorobotics is a new area that focuses on building machines or robots on the nanoscale size. Nanorobots are discrete components that typically range from 0.1 to 10 μm. Carbon in the shape of nanocomposites, fullerene/diamond will be the principal ingredient used because of its strength and chemical nontoxicity. Nanorobotics has a wide spectrum of uses in the realm of healthcare. They can be utilized for anticancer therapy, hematology, contamination protection, and other purposes. Nanorobotics is also used in the automated sector, molecular chemistry, aerospace and automotive, material science research, and electronics & telecommunication engineering. 

Nanobiotechnology combines nanoscience and biotechnology in a new way. This includes nanotechnology's utilization in the life sciences. The phrase "Nanobiotechnology" refers to the blending of biomedical studies and several aspects of nanotechnology. Nanoscale, nanodevices, and nanoparticle occurrences are examples of notions that are enhanced by nanobiology in the field of nanotechnology. Nanobiotechnology delves into the distinctive physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles, as well as their usage in domains including health and agriculture.

Nanosensors are the devices that can be used to detect the presence of nanoparticles and chemical particles, or monitor physical parameters such as temperature, on the nanoscale. Nanosensors accelerate in the progression of fields such as medical technology; precision agriculture; urban farming; plant nanobionics; SERS-based sensors; prognostics and diagnostics; and many industrials applications. There are two types of Nanosensors namely mechanical and chemical Nanosensors. There is a growing trend of combining Nanosensors with other useful technologies, such as MEMs and microfluidic devices.

Nanofluidics is the study of the manipulation, control, and behavior of fluids that are exiguous to nanometer-sized structures, while nanofluids are a class of fluids that contains nanoparticles. There are four different ways to apply nanofluidics roughly for analysis: by using nanoporous membranes, single nanopore transport, nanoconfinement, and by the concentration polarization functionality. The use of ultra-small confined spaces of well-defined nanofluidic systems and unusual effects would offer new mechanisms and technologies like Lab-on-a-chip, NCAMs to manipulate nanoscale objects as well as to synthesize unique nanomaterials in the liquid phase. Nanofluidics will, therefore, be a new arena for the science of materials.

Metallurgy, in its broadest sense, is the process of extracting metallic substances in their finest form. Metallurgy is concerned about the physical and chemical behavior of alloys from the standpoint of materials engineering. Alloys were created after the development of metallurgy, which includes the mixing of two or even more metals under controlled conditions to create an alloy with enhanced qualities. The study of metallurgy is separated into several divisions, including extraction, physiological, and hydraulic metallurgy, which are all concerned with the classification and construction of metals. Metallurgy is concerned with combining and designing metals in order to meet industrial objectives and to create a product that meets basic needs.

Crystal engineering is a branch of molecular forces with regard to crystal packing, as well as the implementation of such interactions for building a solid or crystallized material with desired physical and chemical characteristics. Due to its dense packing, the proposed crystal has high structural stability and is resistant to distortion. Crystal technology is concerned with the development of hard materials for industrial usage. The proposed crystals are atoms and molecules structure is predicted using X-ray crystallography and the dispersion theory.

Polymer nanotechnology is the study and implementation of nanoscience to polymeric matrix known as Polymer nanocomposites (PNC), which are made up of a polymer or copolymer with nanoparticles or nanofillers scattered inside it. This varies depending on the shape (platelets, fibers, spheroids, etc.), but at minimum, one dimension has to be in the 1–50 nm range. Precise blending and dispersal phase stability is required.

Carbon atoms are closely bonded in a hexagonal honeycomb lattice in graphene, which is a coating of carbon molecules. Graphene is the ultra - slim and lightest compound, as well as the strongest compound yet discovered.  At room temperature, graphene is the good thermal conductor and the finest conductor of electricity. It can absorb photons across the visual and near-infrared spectra equally. It can be utilised in electronics, transportation, medical, energy, defence, and purification; graphene research has a wide range of applications. Graphene has so much potential that it is only limited by our creativity. Carbon nanotubes, or CNTs, are tubular molecules made of carbon atoms connected in a honeycomb structure, with each carbon atom covalently attached to three other carbon atoms, or wrapped graphene sheets. Nanotubes are one of the most attractive molecular building blocks in nanotechnology, as they possess a number of unique features that have a wide variety of potential commercial uses.

Soft nanomaterials have a potential to distort when exposed to higher temperatures or even when kept at ambient temperature. Because of its integrating property under specified or undefined circumstances, polymers and gels are termed soft nanomaterials. This is owing to the product's weak molecular contact between two or more chemical components. Soft nanomaterials benefit pharmacology and biotechnology by assisting in the formulation of drugs in semi-solid or fluid form, as well as enhancing drug delivery systems.

Nanoscience and nanotechnology are areas of research and regulated production of nanoscale structures and occurrences that can be used in all other scientific fields such as biology, physics, chemistry, materials engineering, and engineering. The explosive growth of that sector has aided the change of conventional industries such as food and agriculture. We can see how nanotechnology is being used in practically every industry to make the process easier and better.

Materials act differently at the nanoscale than at the macroscale. While some of these unexpected nano characteristics may be advantageous, they also pose a risk in a wide range of applications and sectors. In other words, the burgeoning study of nanotoxicology warns that this innovation may pose health and environmental dangers.